![Habitat_HI-Montane-Forest-Lynn-Fuller Habitat: Hawaii Montane Forest](http://www.pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Habitat_HI-Montane-Forest-Lynn-Fuller.jpg)
'Ohi'a and in some areas koa trees dominate the canopy of the lush cloud forests found on the higher elevations of Kaua'i, Maui, Hawai'i, O'ahu, and Moloka'i. These moist forests provide a refuge for a large variety of endangered endemic honeycreepers, such as the 'Akiapōlā'au, Hawai'i 'Ākepa, 'Anianiau, and 'Ākohekohe. Montane forests are also home to the 'Alalā (Hawaiian Crow), and Puaiohi (Small Kaua'i Thrush). Sadly, these are only a few of the imperiled forest birds of the Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation threats to these birds are intense. Avian disease carried by non-native mosquitoes restricts their distribution to higher island elevations, and they are also faced with invasive plants, introduced predators, and habitat loss and degradation.
Other Habitats Our Birds Need
![Habitat_Coastal-Dunes-BLM Coastal Dunes, ©Bureau of Land Management](https://pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Habitat_Coastal-Dunes-BLM-768x1024-square-10cfcc9ed407f741392c64def07985f8-.jpg)
Coastal Dunes and Beaches
Coastal dunes and beach communities face a dynamic, harsh environment that requires plants to have unique survival mechanisms.
![Habitat_Conifer-Forest-David-Patte-USFWS Habitat: Conifer Forest](https://pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Habitat_Conifer-Forest-David-Patte-USFWS-square-926fff8f1200b0ac39bbde9aead8a690-.jpg)
Conifer Forest
Conifer forests, including our magnificent temperate rainforests, dominate the Pacific Northwest from California to southeast Alaska.
![Habitat_Estuary-Barry-Troutman Habitat: Estuary](https://pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Habitat_Estuary-Barry-Troutman-square-bcc2e9a085a585796ee900e5a34c61e6-.jpg)
Estuaries
Estuaries occur where freshwater rivers meet the salt waters of the ocean. They are one of most biologically rich habitats on Earth, thanks to the mixing of nutrients from both the land and sea.
![Habitat_Freshwater-Wetlands-George-Gentry-USFWS Habitat: Freshwater Wetlands](https://pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Habitat_Freshwater-Wetlands-George-Gentry-USFWS-square-f689ef21deebb099e49911091e6d4bf1-.jpg)
Freshwater Wetlands
Freshwater wetlands are the hallmark of the Pacific Americas Flyway. Wetlands are subject to periodic flooding and are further characterized by their soil type, hydrology and vegetation.
![Habitat_Hawaii-coastal-wetlands-Kris-Fister Habitat: Hawaii coastal wetland](https://pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Habitat_Hawaii-coastal-wetlands-Kris-Fister-square-b44923f38d92b89a4d5872982e0189a7-.jpg)
Hawaiian Wetlands
Hawaii’s freshwater wetlands support the Ae’o, or Hawaiian Stilt, and five other species of endemic, endangered waterbirds.
![Habitat_Intertidal-Rocy-Shoreline-wikipedia Habitat: Intertidal Rocky Shoreline](https://pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Habitat_Intertidal-Rocy-Shoreline-wikipedia-square-6713662306121f2abf07d84e5ff4cd8c-.jpg)
Intertidal Rocky Shorelines
Rocky shorelines along the North Pacific coastline occupy the region between high and low tide. They may be rocky cliffs, boulder rubble, wave-pounded shelves, or sheltered rocky shores.
![Habitat_Oak-and-Prairie-George-Gentry-USFWS Habitat: Oak and Prairie](https://pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Habitat_Oak-and-Prairie-George-Gentry-USFWS-square-cdfa0e18907300cbc31457cb4320fb62-.jpg)
Oak and Prairie
Oak and prairie ecosystems support a unique suite of specialized birds. They are home to a handful of imperiled species such as Streaked Horned Lark and Oregon Vesper Sparrow.
![Habitat_Pacific-Atolls-Photo-Erik-Olberg,-Island-Conservation Habitat: Pacific Atolls](https://pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Habitat_Pacific-Atolls-Photo-Erik-Olberg-Island-Conservation-square-f647261ea6e8caa0376346df8ad19fe2-.jpg)
Pacific Atolls
An atoll is a coral reef island, or islets. They are are characteristically ring-shaped with a central lagoon, and sometimes a central island.
![Laysan Albatorss Credit Andy Collns, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. Laysan AlbatrossAndy Collins, NOAA](https://pacificbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/Laysan-Albatorss-Credit-Andy-Collins-NOAA-Office-of-National-Marine-Sanctuaries.-1024x742-square-5a1c783f0ea826e2b4fa717b6b4f7a10-.jpg)
Pelagic
Pelagic habitats, one of many habitats in the marine environment, include the open ocean. Birds that spend time in the pelagic zone must be able to withstand the salt water, wind and waves–and some do for years at a time.